Discover the world's research25+ million members160+ million publication billion citationsJoin for free Micro Waqf Bank New Sharia Financial Instruments in Indonesia Siska Lis Sulistiani*, Muhammad Yunus, Eva Misfah Bayuni Shariah Faculty Universitas Islam Bandung Bandung, Indonesia * Muhammadyunus. evamisfahb AbstractโThis research aims to study and improve the benefits of micro waqf banks as Islamic microfinance institutions that have only been pioneered since 2017 in Indonesia. The research method used was qualitative research using normative juridical through interview and literature study methods, and analyzed using descriptive analysis. The results of this study indicate that a micro waqf bank stands as a sharia cooperative, but from its naming aspect that uses the term 'waqf' does not make it a waqf institution. Micro waqf banks are institutions that represent financial institutions, the Indonesian government and Islamic boarding schools as the basis of Indonesian Muslims. The purpose of this micro waqf bank is to be able to reduce poverty by providing financing to the poor through routine assistance programs, allegedly the target of this program is the poor who cannot access formal financial institutions to help the capital aspects of community small businesses. Keywords micro waqf bank, institution, Indonesia I. INTRODUCTION Socio-economic deprivation otherwise called poverty is a global phenomenon irrespective of geographical locations [1], especially in Indonesia as the largest Muslim country in the world. Waqf can be one solution in answering socio-economic problems. The institution of waqf in the Islamic social ๏ฌnance frame work provides a useful vehicle to ๏ฌll the gap in social intermediation [2]. Waqf is one of the economic instruments of Islam that has more flexibility than the zakat instrument, but the waqf institution has been considered as a non-profit institution that does not concentrate on profit oriented, and only focuses on the problem of worship so that its development only stops at the construction of places of worship [3]. The introduction of cash waqf in early fifteenth century opened a new insight for waqf development, specifically to encourage Muslims giving behavior. Many waqf institutions, for instance, in Syria, Egypt, India, Singapore and Malaysia embraced the idea of cash waqf which seems to have great potential and benefit [4]. Waqf was very instrumental in the socio-economic field in the history of Islam in the past. The development of new instruments in the Islamic economic sector for the sake of giving birth to the value of mashlahat more done, one of which is in the waqf sector. The use of the term waqf is a trend in the culture of developing Islamic philanthropy, especially in Indonesia. In 2017 the Indonesian Government together with the financial services authority OJK initiated the existence of a Micro Waqf Bank in an effort to address the problem of poverty. The term Micro Waqf Bank was chosen because the government expects that the core of the funds distributed to the community is maintained essentially without reducing the benefits, besides being named BWM because it is located in the pesantren environment [5]. Micro waqf banks were initially thought to be related to institutions for collecting money waqf or cash waqf. however, institutionally, micro-waqf banks are registered as Islamic cooperatives or known as Islamic microfinance institutions, not as endowments, because of the difference between institutional status and the naming of research institutions interested in researching related institutions. II. METHOD This study uses qualitative research methods, through normative juridical research and uses library research in data collection, namely the type of qualitative research whose data is obtained from books, books, magazines, newspapers, journals and other records relating to issues related to endowments and endowments institutions micro. While other supporting data in the field, mostly related to micro waqf bank data and the number of pesantren in Indonesia. In collecting data the author uses a documentary method that searches for data about things or variables in the form of writing, books, articles that are relevant to writing this theme. In this research, data processing is only intended for qualitative descriptive data analysis, where the material or material will be discussed and analyzed for further content, so that the level of acquisition, the feasibility of norms, and delivery of new material can be studied. normative idea. Qualitative which means the analysis is based on efforts to find the principles of monographic and respondent information, the truth obtained from the results of research and questions for respondents, both oral and written to conduct research activities. III. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Bank Wakaf Mikro BWM is a new institution in Indonesia, the term Bank Wakaf Mikro is also a new term especially in the pesantren education sector in Indonesia. Bank Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research, volume 4092nd Social and Humaniora Research Symposium SoRes 2019Copyright ยฉ 2020 The Authors. Published by Atlantis Press is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC license - 1 Wakaf Mikro BWM is a Sharia Micro Financial Institution LKMS which was established with the permission of the financial services authority OJK and aims to provide access to capital or financing for small communities who do not have access to formal financial institutions. Bank Wakaf Mikro BWM in the pesantren aims to enable students to learn to manage banking. The financial services authority OJK has issued licenses to 20 Micro Waqf Bank institutions in the boarding school environment. Until the beginning of March 2018, of the 20 Micro Waqf Banks, which are pilot projects, have been channeled financing to 2,784 customers with a total financing value of Rp billion [6].โ The term 'waqf' in the use of the name of a micro waqf bank institution BWM is inversely proportional to the legal basis and form of the legal entity. The legal entity of BWM is a Cooperative, while the BWM business license is a sharia microfinance institution so that its supervision is under the OJK [7]. Therefore, in fact the term 'waqf' is used in a micro waqf bank institution legally not as a waqf institution, but it is an Islamic microfinance institution, which operationally does not use a waqf legal basis, only the term waqf is considered to represent the pesantren environment where micro-waqf bank institutions are located. because a micro waqf bank is not a waqf institution, it does not have a function as nadzhir. waqf institutions generally function as nadzir waqf. Nฤdแบir endowment according to Government Regulation Indonesia number 28 of 1977 is categorized into two groups, namely individual Nฤแบir and institutionalized Nฤแบir [8]. The mechanism for developing a Micro Waqf Bank for Community Economic Empowerment is through preparing sharia-based financing services without charging interest and only paying an administration fee of 3% per year, easy requirements, as well as providing business training and assistance for its customers, while the customers include productive communities / small businesses and do not yet have access to formal financial institutions in rural areas and Islamic boarding schools. With Business Characteristics of Micro Waqf Bank Providing financing and assistance, Non deposit taking, Low yields, equivalent to 3%, Group-based and Unsecured. So that the mechanism in channeling funds at the existing micro Waqf Bank is not based on Law of 2004 concerning specific endowments related to money endowments, because in the endowment Act it is stated that the distribution of money endowments must go through Islamic financial institutions receiving abbreviated endowments of money abbreviated as' The LKS-PWU 'is officially designated by the Ministry of Religion, but the term' waqf 'is in the micro waqf bank as the name of the institution is used so that it is easily accepted by the pesantren environment. the target of BWM is Pesantren-based community economic empowerment, given the very large potential of Pesantren empowerment according to MoRA data, there are 28,194 Pesantren throughout Indonesia [9], and the largest number is in West Java. So with this amount, it is hoped that great potential can be explored to empower people and play a role in eroding economic inequality and alleviating poverty, especially the community around pesantren. Related to economic empowerment in the pesantren environment especially through waqf, according to Dhofier today there has been a paradigm shift in the pesantren body [10]. Islamic boarding school is trying to change the future of Islamic boarding school, not only able to produce clerics, preachers, hadith experts, and readers of the yellow book, but more than that, with intermediaries the path of education is able to produce knowledgeable human resources, mastering all fields of science and able to unite the religious sciences with general knowledge concerning community life. Source pesantren information center 2018, ministry of religion of the republic of Indonesia pbsb. ditpdpontren. kemenagโ Fig. 1. Graph of number of Islamic boarding schools per province in Indonesia. Based on the order of the graph Aceh, West Sumatera, Jambi, Bengkulu, Riau Islands, West Java, Yogyakarta, Banten, NTB, West Kalimantan, South Kalimantan, North Kalimantan, Central Sulawesi, Southeast Sulawesi, West Sulawesi, North Maluku, West Papua Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research, volume 4092 Based on the graph, the province of West Java has the highest number of pesantren, with more than 8000 pesantren, and from this picture illustrates that the potential of Islamic boarding schools is very large in Indonesia, so that making boarding schools as the basis for economic development is very potential in Indonesia. due to the quantity of Muslims in Indonesia is very large, and become the largest Muslim country in the world. However, it should be noted that the pesantren community better understand the meaning of waqf as a term in the social environment of worship so it needs to be considered by policy makers in making a product for economic empowerment so that it does not go out of its purpose, bearing in mind that the presence of the Micro Waqf Bank is believed to increase public financial inclusion, especially Small and Micro Business UKM actors will easily get capital. In its operation, BWM is not permitted to conduct fundraising activities. Furthermore, BWM comes with several benefits including [11] ๏ท Helping small communities to avoid being caught in moneylenders. ๏ท Providing funding for businesses in a cheap and easy way for unbanked people. ๏ท Help develop community businesses so that they can advance their welfare. Micro waqf bank business scheme in poverty alleviation. Among the explanation of the scheme are as follows [8] ๏ท Donors are all Indonesian people who have excess funds, especially entrepreneurs and / or large companies who have a concern for the empowerment program for the poor and alleviation of inequality in Indonesia. ๏ท Productive poor people are ๏ง who has been able to meet the basic needs for survival. ๏ง The poor who already have productive businesses or have the will and enthusiasm to work, ๏ง The poor who have a commitment to take part in an empowerment program. The target financing customers are productive poor people who cannot access formal financial institutions. The micro waqf bank business model is present as an incubator to be able to prepare customers for the sector of formal financial institutions such as Islamic banking, Islamic financial institutions, Islamic ventures and financial institutions with similar complexity structures. ๏ท Non-deposit taking is not managing public funds, like savings, savings, time deposits and similar products. Micro waqf banks focus on empowering productive poor people through mentoring and microfinance. As for the source of micro-waqf bank income comes from the profit sharing of Islamic deposits, the results of financing and other service revenues. The process of monitoring and supervising the micro waqf bank is carried out by OJK in coordination with the Ministry of Education, Boarding Schools and trustworthy community leaders. Source 'OJK' 2018 Fig. 2. BWM monitoring and supervision process. IV. CONCLUSION Micro waqf bank is an Islamic microfinance institution that was established in 2017 in Indonesia, this institution was established with the permission of the financial services authority OJK and aims to provide access to capital or financing for small communities who do not have access to formal financial institutions. This institution has no direct relationship with the known waqf institutions in general. The use of the term 'waqf' is only as a form of adjustment to the pesantren environment which is the basis of its establishment and development. REFERENCES [1] L. Raimi, A. Patel and I. Adelopo, โCorporate Social Responsibility, waqf system and zakat system as fatith-based model for poverty reduction,โ World Journal of Entrepreneurship, Management and Sustainable Development vol. 10, no. 3, pp. 228-242, 2014. [2] S. Ahmed, A. Gahfar and M. Hakimi, โApplication of Waqf for Social and development finance,โ ISRA International Journal of Islamic Finance, vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 5-1, 2017. [3] S. Anwar, Studi Hukum Islam Kontemporer. Jakarta RM Books, 2007, [4] A. F. Osman, M. O. Mohammed and A. Fadzil, โFactor Influencing Cash Waqf Giving Behavior A Revised TheoRy Of Planned Behavior,โ Journal of Global Business and Social Entrepreneurship GBSE, vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 12โ25, 2016. [5] CNBC Indonesia, 2018, [Online]. Retrieved from [6] A. Faujiah, โBank Wakaf Mikro dan Pengaruhnya terhadap inklusi keuangan Pelaku Usaha Kecil dan Menengah UKM,โ 2nd Proceedings Annual Conference for Muslim Scholars Kopertais Wilayah IV Surabaya, pp. 375, 2018. Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research, volume 4093 [7] CNBC Indonesia, 2018 [Online]. Retrieved from [8] Y. Purwanto, H. Utomo and R Noor, โNฤแบir Al-Waqf in Imam Syafiโiโs View and Its Implementation in Indonesia,โ International Journal of Nusantara Islam, vol. 04, no. 01, 2016. [9] S. L. Sulistiani. Pembaharuan Hukum Wakaf. Bandung Refikan Aditama, 2015, pp. 10. [10] Otoritas Jasa Keuangan, 2018, [Online], Retrieved from Lihat 2018 [11] Otoritas Jasa Keuangan, Bank Wakaf Mikro Program Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Melalui Pendrian Bank Wakaf Mikro-LKMS. Jakarta Bahan Sosialisasi Publik OJK, 2019. Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research, volume 4094 ... By referring to the above guidance, the practice of qardh al-hasan in the BWM Alpen Barokah Mandiri as shown above is clearly in line with the existing provisions, is the use of the qardh al-hasan operating funding system. Referring to the accounts used, the BWM operating mechanism carries out two basic activities, is receiving donations from charities pooled by the LAZ BSM as basic capital, and also distributing them to the community's environment through funding that is accompanied by training and business support Sulistiani et al., 2020. ...Zaid Raya ArgantaraYuliana SafitriNoviana PrasantiSyahruddin SyahruddinMicro waqf Bank in Sumenep is necessary due to workforce absorption of 486,196 people, making the Sumenep city a capital with the largest number of UMKM five of East Java. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to reveal the implementation of qardh al-hasan payment in small and medium-sized micro-enterprises and the role of qordul-hasan accounts in the creation of small and medium-sized micro-enterprises. This study is a qualitative study with phenomenological approach. The data was obtained through with interview data sources, observations and documentation. Janice Mc Drury's theory was employed to analysis the data, finding themes, writing models, determining coding and deciding to reach the facts. The results of this study indicate that the implementation of these qardh al-hasan accounts through the level of identification, socialization, qualification testing, pre-PWK, PWK and โHalaqah Mingguanโ HALMI. The role of the qardh al-hasan account provided by the Micro Waqf Bank Alpen Barokah Mandiri has had an impact on the expansion of the efforts carried out in the passport. Yedi PurwantoHari UtomoRasyida NoorThis article focuses on the possessing endowment that refers to the association that copes the endowment properties from the endower in order to be managed and developed based on its intentions Act Number 41 of 2004 Article 1 Section 4. According to Imam Syafiโi, possessing endowment can be comprised by waqแฟf, or mawqลซf alayh, or แธฅฤkim. Dissimilarity with the constraints in the Government Regulations Number 28 of 1977, possessing endowment should be managed by individual or institution in contrast with the constraints that are mentioned by Imam Syafiโi. Evenly, Act Number 41 of 2004 Article 9 has mentioned possessing endowment may include individuals, organizations, and institutions. This study examines that Nazhir Waqaf in Indonesia must be established referring to the view of Imam Syafiโi, Government Regulation Number 28 of 1977, and Act Number 41 of 2004 about The Endowment of Land Properties. Through literature review of Imam Syafiโi works and refers to Government Regulation Number 28 of 1977, Act Number 41 of 2004, and the Government Regulation Number 42 of 2006, this paper concluded that Nazhir Waqaf can be implemented referring to the view of Imam Syafiโi and also regulated under the Government Regulations Number 28 of 1977, Act Number 41 of 2004, and the Government Regulation Number 42 of 2006 about Endowment in This paper aims to discuss the application of waqf endowment in the social finance sector for funding social and development projects and services. Design/methodology/approach The study is qualitative. It reviews literature and provides descriptive data to present its main idea. Findings Most Muslim-majority countries are generally income-poor, and the governments are generally weak in their tax collection, effective governance and capacity for development spending. Private sector financial institutions are scarce and mostly cater to the people who can meet the income-based lending criteria. Thus, the institution of waqf can fill the gap as a social finance institution by providing intermediation services for effectively utilising perpetual social savings. Flexibility in the rules of waqf enables it to serve beneficiaries directly or through financial institutions and to provide a wide range of social services. Research limitations/implications This conceptual research highlights the need and potential of waqf without discussing the regulatory and operational details of how to effectively institutionalize it in different regions. Practical implications The institution of waqf can harness the potential of selfless charitable giving in an effective way for better economic impact in the targeted social segments of society. Originality value The paper suggests the establishment of waqf-based training and vocational centres which will increase opportunities of self-employment and contribute in upward social mobility of โ Poverty is a plague which has continental manifestation, but its impact is heavily felt in several Muslim majority nations MMNs, where unemployment, illiteracy, chronic diseases, food shortage, sectarian wars and wave of militancy are surging at alarming rates. The purpose of this paper is to develop a faith-based model FBM to complement the conventional poverty reduction models. Experiences have shown that FBMs find more acceptability among Muslim nations because they have theoretical and theological underpinnings from the Qurโan and Hadith, as opposed to conventional models that are often viewed with suspicion, sequel to Islamic revivalism. Design/methodology/approach โ This research adopts a qualitative research method relying on secondary data/information sourced from CIA Factbook, previous scholarly works, working papers, case studies and relevant internet resources. In line with methodological approach of qualitative research, the secondary data/information were subjected to content and thematic analyses CTA from which facts, figures and presumptions were derived to support the FBM. Findings โ The paper justified the plausibility of integrating corporate social responsibility CSR, Waqf system WS and Zakat system TZS as FBM for poverty reduction, enterprise development and economic empowerment in MMNs. Research limitations/implications โ The gap left behind by the paper is for future researchers to carry out an empirical investigation on the viability or otherwise of the FBM. This could include the governance structure, operational modalities and regulatory frameworks that would enhance the functioning of the FBM. Practical implications โ FBM framework is practically a corporate social investment CSI, which would be heavily funded by Zakat payers, CSR donations and Waqf. The funds would be deployed to poverty reduction in a number of ways ranging from training, micro-credit support for SMEs, apprenticeships, setting up technology business incubation centres, cluster development, infrastructural development in industrial parks, as well as providing welfare support services to the poor, marginalised communities and other economically disadvantaged groups. Originality/value โ The theoretical research is a contribution to theory and practice of CSR in the field of management and Islamic economics. It has developed a FBM for adoption by MMNs who are hesitant in adopting western model for fear of compromising their ethical AnwarStudi Hukum Islam KontemporerS. Anwar, Studi Hukum Islam Kontemporer. Jakarta RM Books, 2007, Influencing Cash Waqf Giving Behavior A Revised TheoRy Of Planned BehaviorA F OsmanM O MohammedA FadzilA. F. Osman, M. O. Mohammed and A. Fadzil, "Factor Influencing Cash Waqf Giving Behavior A Revised TheoRy Of Planned Behavior," Journal of Global Business and Social Entrepreneurship GBSE, vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 12-25, Wakaf Mikro dan Pengaruhnya terhadap inklusi keuangan Pelaku Usaha Kecil dan Menengah UKMA FaujiahA. Faujiah, "Bank Wakaf Mikro dan Pengaruhnya terhadap inklusi keuangan Pelaku Usaha Kecil dan Menengah UKM," 2nd Proceedings Annual Conference for Muslim Scholars Kopertais Wilayah IV Surabaya, pp. 375, Wakaf Mikro Program Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Melalui Pendrian Bank Wakaf Mikro-LKMSOtoritas Jasa KeuanganOtoritas Jasa Keuangan, Bank Wakaf Mikro Program Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Melalui Pendrian Bank Wakaf Mikro-LKMS. Jakarta Bahan Sosialisasi Publik OJK, 2019.
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